Constructing a Stream

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Step 1

An artificial stream is best constructed using a pond liner. A liner is easy to disguise and offers a flexible method of construction. Accurate excavation is necessary if the liner is to remain exposed, but if rocks are to be utilised to finish the edge and pebbles are used as a stream-bed, this is not quite so important. Irrespective of the finish, the stream will require a suitable fall. This should not exceed 30° if the flow of water is to appear natural.

Step 2

As with any feature where a liner is used as a waterproof membrane, any sharp objects that may cause damage should be removed and a layer of sand spread along the floor and up the sides of the stream. This serves as a cushion on which to lay the pond liner. Alternatively a layer of fleece can be used. Where the stream is short, it may be possible to complete it with a single sheet of liner, but where there are to be variations in levels or elaborate curves and arcs, it is easier to use several separate sheets.These must always be laid from the pond back to the source of the stream with each piece having a generous overlap in the direction of the flow. Ideally these should also coincide with any drops or sudden alterations in the level of the streambed so that the end of the down-stream section of the liner is above the water level for that part of the stream.

Step 3

The liner must be secured at the edges with either soil or rocks, and must always remain higher than the stream’s maximum water level. If not, then seepage will occur into the surrounding ground.

Step 4

A useful edging can be provided with hessian or fabric sacks filled with soil, rather like sand bags, holes then being cut in them to accommodate plants. The plants soon colonise the bags, producing an attractive, natural looking stream-side. A lined stream also offers great opportunities for creative designs with rocks. If positioned carefully, these can also be used to alter the flow of water and produce a variety of effects.